Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Chronic Kidney Disease

It is estimated that about 10% of adult Indians have some form of kidney disease and 200,000 people get afflicted with end-stage (eGFR < 15) CKD every year. Despite this, there is very poor awareness of it among the general public, because CKD does not have apparent symptoms. This is the reason for around 50% of patients with advanced CKD are first seen by a Doctor when they are about to need Dialysis.

The most common causes of CKD are:

Insulin resistance & lifestyle diseases such as. Diabetes / Hypertension (BP): They are the leading causes of CKD and account for over 50% of individuals entering dialysis. Controlling them after the diseases are established, may not be able to halt or slow the CKD, because inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, mitochondrial injury, fibrosis, and impaired autophagy associated with Diabetes/BP contribute to the progressive nature of CKD. So, the time for action is when the eGFR drops to 90 mL/minute.

Physical Activity: Moderate physical activity is ‘pro-health’ while vigorous physical activity such as exercises done to increase muscle mass/burn calories without appropriate nutrition can put a strain on the kidneys.

CKD due Glomerulonephritis, Genetic diseases, Drug-induced kidney diseases, Recurrent kidney infection: These are medical conditions and need nephrologist’s intervention as lifestyle changes are not sufficient and have a limited contribution.

The following are the different stages of CKD:

Stage 1, 2, and 3a: These stages can be reversed by having full Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) of Protein and Potassium from whole foods i.e., 0.83 to 1 gm/kg of body weight of PDCAAS adjusted protein and 3600 mg of Potassium. (Gross protein in 100 gms of Atta is 10.57 gms while PDCAAS adjusted protein is only 4.4 gms.) Having full RDA in these stages preserves the muscle, which is essential because protein quantity needs to be restricted in the unfortunate event of CKD progressing to the latter stages.

Stage 3b and 4: Keep the PRAL (potential renal acid load) low by eating a balanced diet and restricting protein to 0.6 to 0.8 gms/kg.

Potential renal acid load (PRAL) of some foods (for 100 g of edible portion).

Foods	PRAL (mEq/100 g)
Fruits and fruit juices	−3
Banana	−8.2
Vegetables	−2.8
Carrots	−6.4
Fruits and oils	0
Milk and whey-based products	+1.0
Brown Rice	+2.2
Bread	+3.5
Noodles,spaghetti	+6.7
Fish	+7.9
Cheese (protein<15g/100g)	+8.0
Meat and meat products	+9.5

Stage 5 and unsuccessful efforts in reversing earlier Stages: Consult the nephrologist in the unfortunate event of CKD progressing to Stage 5 or if the efforts to reverse earlier stages, through lifestyle, changes are unsuccessful.

Role of the Patient and the need of Nephrologist in reversing CKD:

CKD, like any other Lifestyle Disease (LSD), is the result of ignoring signals of abuse shown by the body until they reach a clinical level which may take several years or even decades. For example, people do not consider that they have a problem until Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio is more than 3 or eGFR is substantially less than 90 mg/dl. The body is endowed with excess capacities, so clinical symptoms show up only after substantial organ damage, which means the treatment can only be to prevent further damage. The better way is to understand that the symptoms are dynamic i.e. reduction of eGFR from 120 to 90 mg/dl which is still not a clinical symptom, is as crucial to organ health as eGFR falling below 60 mg/dl which is a clinical symptom for Stage 3 CKD. So consult a nephrologist if the progression of CKD is not reversed with lifestyle changes.
Only the patient can monitor the Lab results over years, because doctors seeing a single report of eGFR of 90 mg/dl may not consider it a problem, because it is still not a clinical symptom.

Our Support:

Foods	PRAL (mEq/100 g)
Fruits and fruit juices	−3
Banana	−8.2
Vegetables	−2.8
Carrots	−6.4
Fruits and oils	0
Milk and whey-based products	+1.0
Brown Rice	+2.2
Bread	+3.5
Noodles,spaghetti	+6.7
Fish	+7.9
Cheese (protein<15g/100g)	+8.0
Meat and meat products	+9.5

Mail Us At

Contact Us

Mail Us At

deepika.chalasani@gmail.com

Contact Us

+919059200407